Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Digital dan Ketangguhan Organisasi: Peran Mediasi SDM Berkelanjutan pada Ekonomi Berkembang
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Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh manajemen sumber daya manusia (SDM) digital terhadap ketangguhan organisasi dengan mengeksplorasi peran mediasi praktik SDM berkelanjutan. Meskipun transformasi digital dan keberlanjutan dalam SDM telah menjadi isu krusial secara terpisah, mekanisme yang menghubungkan keduanya dalam konteks ekonomi berkembang masih kurang dipahami. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain survei lintas-seksi (cross-sectional). Data dikumpulkan dari 312 manajer dan profesional SDM di perusahaan manufaktur dan jasa di Indonesia menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) berbasis Partial Least Squares (PLS) melalui perangkat lunak SmartPLS 4.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa SDM digital berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap ketangguhan organisasi (β = 0,412; p < 0,01). SDM berkelanjutan terbukti memediasi hubungan tersebut secara parsial (β = 0,218; p < 0,05). Konteks ekonomi berkembang memoderasi kekuatan hubungan ini, dengan perusahaan yang memiliki tingkat digitalisasi tinggi menunjukkan ketangguhan yang lebih kuat selama periode ketidakpastian. Temuan ini memberikan panduan strategis bagi para manajer SDM dalam mengintegrasikan teknologi digital dengan praktik SDM yang berkelanjutan untuk membangun ketangguhan organisasi. Perusahaan di negara berkembang perlu berinvestasi secara simultan pada infrastruktur digital dan kapabilitas manusia. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi orisinal dengan mengusulkan dan menguji model terintegrasi yang menghubungkan SDM digital, SDM berkelanjutan, dan ketangguhan organisasi sebuah nexus yang belum banyak diteliti dalam literatur, khususnya dalam konteks ekonomi berkembang seperti Indonesia.
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How to Cite
Sinaga, A. H., & Siregar, I. (2026). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Digital dan Ketangguhan Organisasi: Peran Mediasi SDM Berkelanjutan pada Ekonomi Berkembang. ProBisnis : Jurnal Manajemen, 17(03), 1603–1611. Retrieved from https://www.ejournal.joninstitute.org/index.php/ProBisnis/article/view/1534
References
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Ployhart, R.E. dan Moliterno, T.P. (2011), "Emergence of the human capital resource: a multilevel model", Academy of Management Review, Vol. 36 No. 1, pp. 127–150.
Podsakoff, P.M., MacKenzie, S.B., Lee, J.Y. dan Podsakoff, N.P. (2003), "Common method biases in behavioral research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies", Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 88 No. 5, pp. 879–903.
Robertson, J., Botha, E., Walker, B., Wordsworth, R. dan Balzarova, M. (2022), "Digital maturity and organizational resilience in volatile environments", Journal of Business Research, Vol. 142, pp. 743–756.
Schuler, R.S., Jackson, S.E. dan Luo, Y. (2002), Managing Human Resources in Cross-Border Alliances, Routledge, London.
Siddique, N., Naveed, S. dan Hanif, M.S. (2025), "Unveiling the potential of sustainable HRM in achieving organizational sustainability: conceptual insights and research gaps", Journal of Organizational Effectiveness: People and Performance, Vol. 13 No. 2, pp. 344–365.
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Strohmeier, S. (2020), "Digital human resource management: a conceptual clarification", German Journal of Human Resource Management, Vol. 34 No. 3, pp. 345–365.
Teece, D.J., Pisano, G. dan Shuen, A. (1997), "Dynamic capabilities and strategic management", Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 18 No. 7, pp. 509–533.
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Wright, P.M. dan McMahan, G.C. (1992), "Theoretical perspectives for strategic human resource management", Journal of Management, Vol. 18 No. 2, pp. 295–320.
Boxall, P. dan Purcell, J. (2016), Strategy and Human Resource Management, 4th ed., Palgrave Macmillan, London.
Cascio, W.F. dan Montealegre, R. (2016), "How technology is changing work and organizations", Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, Vol. 3, pp. 349–375.
Ciasullo, M.V., Montera, R. dan Douglas, A. (2022), "Building digital resilience to face disruptive crises: an exploratory case study", Journal of Business Research, Vol. 149, pp. 623–635.
Collings, D.G., McMackin, J., Nyberg, A.J. dan Wright, P.M. (2021), "Strategic human resource management and COVID-19: emerging challenges and research opportunities", Journal of Management Studies, Vol. 58 No. 5, pp. 1378–1382.
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Fernandez, V. dan Gallardo-Gallardo, E. (2021), "Tackling the HR digitalization challenge: key factors and barriers to HR analytics adoption", Competitiveness Review, Vol. 31 No. 1, pp. 162–187.
Fombrun, C., Tichy, N.M. dan Devanna, M.A. (1984), Strategic Human Resource Management, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
Garavan, T.N., Carbery, R., O'Brien, F. dan O'Hanlon, D. (2021), "The future of strategic HRM: a synthesis of the literature and some directions for future research", Human Resource Development International, Vol. 24 No. 2, pp. 109–135.
Gratton, L. (2022), Redesigning Work: How to Transform Your Organization and Make Hybrid Work for Everyone, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
Guest, D.E. (2017), "Human resource management and employee well-being: towards a new analytic framework", Human Resource Management Journal, Vol. 27 No. 1, pp. 22–38.
Gupta, P., Lakhera, G. dan Sharma, M. (2024), "Examining the impact of artificial intelligence on employee performance in the digital era: an analysis and future research direction", Journal of High Technology Management Research, Vol. 35 No. 2, pp. 1–18.
Jiang, K., Lepak, D.P., Hu, J. dan Baer, J.C. (2012), "How does human resource management influence organizational outcomes? A meta-analytic investigation of mediating mechanisms", Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 55 No. 6, pp. 1264–1294.
Purgał-Popiela, J. (2025), "Sustainability in human resource management practices used by small and medium-sized enterprises: a systematic review", Central European Management Journal, Vol. 33 No. 1, pp. 87–106.
Ulrich, D., Dulebohn, J.H. dan Johnson, M.D. (2019), "Revisiting the 'big questions' of HR: data, digital, and disruption", Human Resource Management, Vol. 58 No. 4, pp. 309–314.
AlNuaimi, B.K., Singh, S.K., Ren, S., Budhwar, P. dan Vorobyev, D. (2022), "Mastering digital transformation: the nexus between leadership, agility, and digital strategy", Journal of Business Research, Vol. 145, pp. 636–648.
Anshima, A., Bhardwaj, B., Sharma, D. dan Chand, M. (2025), "Ensuring sustainability through green HRM practices: a review, synthesis and research avenues", Journal of Organizational Effectiveness: People and Performance, Vol. 12 No. 1, pp. 1–24.
Barney, J. (1991), "Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage", Journal of Management, Vol. 17 No. 1, pp. 99–120.
Bondarouk, T. dan Brewster, C. (2016), "Conceptualising the future of HRM and technology research", International Journal of Human Resource Management, Vol. 27 No. 21, pp. 2652–2671.
Bondarouk, T., Parry, E. dan Furtmueller, E. (2017), "Electronic HRM: four decades of research on adoption and consequences", International Journal of Human Resource Management, Vol. 28 No. 1, pp. 98–123.
Budhwar, P. dan Debrah, Y. (2001), "Rethinking comparative and cross-national human resource management research", International Journal of Human Resource Management, Vol. 12 No. 3, pp. 497–515.
Burnard, K. dan Bhamra, R. (2011), "Organisational resilience: development of a conceptual framework for organisational responses", International Journal of Production Research, Vol. 49 No. 18, pp. 5581–5599.
Chalab, N. dan Chraimukh, M. (2023), "Organizational flexibility and its impact on strategic adaptability in turbulent environments", Management Decision, Vol. 61 No. 4, pp. 978–996.
Cohen, J. (1992), "A power primer", Psychological Bulletin, Vol. 112 No. 1, pp. 155–159.
Cooke, F.L., Saini, D.S. dan Wang, J. (2014), "Talent management in China and India: a comparison of management perceptions and human resource practices", Journal of World Business, Vol. 49 No. 2, pp. 225–235.
Ehnert, I., Harry, W. dan Zink, K.J. (2014), Sustainability and Human Resource Management: Developing Sustainable Business Organizations, Springer, Berlin.
Faliagka, E., Tsakalidis, A. dan Tzimas, G. (2012), "An integrated e-recruitment system for automated personality mining and applicant ranking", Internet Research, Vol. 22 No. 5, pp. 551–568.
Freeman, R.E. (1984), Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach, Pitman, Boston, MA.
Gomes, G.P., Coelho, A. dan Ribeiro, N. (2025), "A systematic literature review on sustainable HRM and its relations with employees' attitudes: state of art and future research agenda", Journal of Organizational Effectiveness: People and Performance, Vol. 12 No. 1, pp. 45–72.
Hair, J.F., Risher, J.J., Sarstedt, M. dan Ringle, C.M. (2019), "When to use and how to report results of PLS-SEM", European Business Review, Vol. 31 No. 1, pp. 2–24.
Hmoud, B. dan Laszlo, V. (2019), "Will artificial intelligence take over human resources recruitment and selection?", Network Intelligence Studies, Vol. 7 No. 13, pp. 21–30.
Kramar, R. (2014), "Beyond strategic human resource management: is sustainable human resource management the next approach?", International Journal of Human Resource Management, Vol. 25 No. 8, pp. 1069–1089.
Lengnick-Hall, C.A., Beck, T.E. dan Lengnick-Hall, M.L. (2011), "Developing a capacity for organizational resilience through strategic human resource management", Human Resource Management Review, Vol. 21 No. 3, pp. 243–255.
Marler, J.H. dan Parry, E. (2016), "Human resource management, strategic involvement and e-HRM technology", International Journal of Human Resource Management, Vol. 27 No. 19, pp. 2233–2253.
McKinsey Global Institute (2022), The Future of Work in Indonesia: Automation and Labor Market Transitions, McKinsey & Company, Jakarta.
McManus, S., Seville, E., Vargo, J. dan Brunsdon, D. (2008), "Facilitated process for improving organizational resilience", Natural Hazards Review, Vol. 9 No. 2, pp. 81–90.
Nadeem, R. dan Singh, R. (2025), "Charting the future of green HRM practices: insights from theories, context, characteristics and methodologies (TCCM) framework and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) analysis", Journal of Management Development, Vol. 44 No. 2, pp. 154–177.
Paauwe, J. dan Boon, C. (2018), "Strategic HRM: a critical review", dalam Collings, D.G., Wood, G.T. dan Szamosi, L.T. (Eds.), Human Resource Management: A Critical Approach, Routledge, London, pp. 49–73.
Ployhart, R.E. dan Moliterno, T.P. (2011), "Emergence of the human capital resource: a multilevel model", Academy of Management Review, Vol. 36 No. 1, pp. 127–150.
Podsakoff, P.M., MacKenzie, S.B., Lee, J.Y. dan Podsakoff, N.P. (2003), "Common method biases in behavioral research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies", Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 88 No. 5, pp. 879–903.
Robertson, J., Botha, E., Walker, B., Wordsworth, R. dan Balzarova, M. (2022), "Digital maturity and organizational resilience in volatile environments", Journal of Business Research, Vol. 142, pp. 743–756.
Schuler, R.S., Jackson, S.E. dan Luo, Y. (2002), Managing Human Resources in Cross-Border Alliances, Routledge, London.
Siddique, N., Naveed, S. dan Hanif, M.S. (2025), "Unveiling the potential of sustainable HRM in achieving organizational sustainability: conceptual insights and research gaps", Journal of Organizational Effectiveness: People and Performance, Vol. 13 No. 2, pp. 344–365.
Stone, D.L., Deadrick, D.L., Lukaszewski, K.M. dan Johnson, R. (2015), "The influence of technology on the future of human resource management", Human Resource Management Review, Vol. 25 No. 2, pp. 216–231.
Strohmeier, S. (2020), "Digital human resource management: a conceptual clarification", German Journal of Human Resource Management, Vol. 34 No. 3, pp. 345–365.
Teece, D.J., Pisano, G. dan Shuen, A. (1997), "Dynamic capabilities and strategic management", Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 18 No. 7, pp. 509–533.
Tengblad, S. (2018), "Medarbetarskap and resilience: can resilience organizations survive without resilient employees?", dalam Tengblad, S. dan Oudhuis, M. (Eds.), The Resilience Framework: Organizing for Sustained Viability, Springer, Singapore, pp. 199–213.
Vogus, T.J. dan Sutcliffe, K.M. (2007), "Organizational resilience: towards a theory and research agenda", dalam Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Montreal, pp. 3418–3422.
World Bank (2023), Indonesia Economic Prospects: Investing in People, World Bank Group, Washington, DC.
Wright, P.M. dan McMahan, G.C. (1992), "Theoretical perspectives for strategic human resource management", Journal of Management, Vol. 18 No. 2, pp. 295–320.
Boxall, P. dan Purcell, J. (2016), Strategy and Human Resource Management, 4th ed., Palgrave Macmillan, London.
Cascio, W.F. dan Montealegre, R. (2016), "How technology is changing work and organizations", Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, Vol. 3, pp. 349–375.
Ciasullo, M.V., Montera, R. dan Douglas, A. (2022), "Building digital resilience to face disruptive crises: an exploratory case study", Journal of Business Research, Vol. 149, pp. 623–635.
Collings, D.G., McMackin, J., Nyberg, A.J. dan Wright, P.M. (2021), "Strategic human resource management and COVID-19: emerging challenges and research opportunities", Journal of Management Studies, Vol. 58 No. 5, pp. 1378–1382.
Dery, K., Sebastian, I.M. dan van der Meulen, N. (2017), "The digital workplace is key to digital innovation", MIS Quarterly Executive, Vol. 16 No. 2, pp. 135–152.
Fernandez, V. dan Gallardo-Gallardo, E. (2021), "Tackling the HR digitalization challenge: key factors and barriers to HR analytics adoption", Competitiveness Review, Vol. 31 No. 1, pp. 162–187.
Fombrun, C., Tichy, N.M. dan Devanna, M.A. (1984), Strategic Human Resource Management, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
Garavan, T.N., Carbery, R., O'Brien, F. dan O'Hanlon, D. (2021), "The future of strategic HRM: a synthesis of the literature and some directions for future research", Human Resource Development International, Vol. 24 No. 2, pp. 109–135.
Gratton, L. (2022), Redesigning Work: How to Transform Your Organization and Make Hybrid Work for Everyone, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
Guest, D.E. (2017), "Human resource management and employee well-being: towards a new analytic framework", Human Resource Management Journal, Vol. 27 No. 1, pp. 22–38.
Gupta, P., Lakhera, G. dan Sharma, M. (2024), "Examining the impact of artificial intelligence on employee performance in the digital era: an analysis and future research direction", Journal of High Technology Management Research, Vol. 35 No. 2, pp. 1–18.
Jiang, K., Lepak, D.P., Hu, J. dan Baer, J.C. (2012), "How does human resource management influence organizational outcomes? A meta-analytic investigation of mediating mechanisms", Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 55 No. 6, pp. 1264–1294.
Purgał-Popiela, J. (2025), "Sustainability in human resource management practices used by small and medium-sized enterprises: a systematic review", Central European Management Journal, Vol. 33 No. 1, pp. 87–106.
Ulrich, D., Dulebohn, J.H. dan Johnson, M.D. (2019), "Revisiting the 'big questions' of HR: data, digital, and disruption", Human Resource Management, Vol. 58 No. 4, pp. 309–314.